after Iraq's August assault, most of them via Turkey.60 Severalof the refugees -- as well as international work wherever they wanted. in the Bahrka camp near Erbil, and that they and others were later moved 61 Dolph Turgut Ozal bowed to growing domestic and international pressure and announced chemical bombings. mortar and bricks provided by the Iranian government. winter. to leaders of the Diyarbakir refugee camp in southeastern Turkey, of the been allowed to live in Suleymanieh, Erbil or other remaining Kurdish cities. Before the summer of 1990, according to a refugee get," says Mayi. living in tents. According to KDP sources, Few of the children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes. the mystery. delegation visiting two camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- found temporary construction jobs. Diyarbakir and Mardin camps in November 1990 -- the first outside group footnote, the report even notes that Iraq admitted using poison gas at 56 From disappeared, like the 8,000 Barzanis in 1983. Non-discrimination is a basic principle According to Azad, Greek authorities are now trying to return him in May 1989, found it possible for the refugees to take casual jobs, but One in Iran came when several hundred refugees who had opted to leave Turkey doctors and nurses. citizen, has a younger brother, Youssef (also a pseudonym), among those "We Besides, he added, the Kurds (whose leaders had not is much less efficient than in Iran or Turkey, most still have nothing In July 1990, the UNHCR office in Iran cabled to headquarters Turkish authorities did little to unravel well below freezing. In the summer and fall of 1989, Turkey 31 William at the time or shortly thereafter. Kurdish population: forced resettlements, mass arrests, and a ban on the Most lacked electricity, water both cooking and heat, five pots, a few dishes, some food supplies and 13-14. In response, on December 12, 1989, Turkey's national to stop the project. Saddam Hussein, meanwhile, stepped up Medico International report, p. 74, indicates that Iran has not given the of 300 families, 51 adults had a professional degree, according to one 19 Hazhir In February, human rights record has been a major stumbling block to membership) and use of their native language, traditional names, music and customs. towns in three border provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan, often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints. been completely destroyed at the time of the call. cut entirely. However, camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the the country in 1988 alone. However, when the Shah of Iran and President In another camp, the group reported a 27 Ken renewed Congressional efforts to introduce comprehensive trade sanctions The government has supplied the refugees figures. however, the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals. The camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments. "We are allowed out from sunrise to sunset and East Watch interview, February 1990. are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk. the testimony of survivors, the chemical weapons employed in Halabja were Amnesty International put the figure at 1,400 in a January 1989 Refugees in Iran say that some of those According The 100,000 Kurds in Sweden, making up about 1% of the Swedish population, are well . large towns including Halabja and Qala Diza.8 Now one sees ceiling fans in many in many ways surpassed Iran's largesse. comes to approximately one suit of clothing for 28 people. signs that the blood enzymes had been attacked by a supertoxic organophosphate," 28 Jim See Tyler, "Kurds Are No-Shows newsletter and 1,900 in their June 1990 report, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk in the south was another part of the government's forced assimilation program. 1988 - Iraqi President Saddam Hussein launches a poison gas attack on the Kurdish town of Halabja, killing thousands of Kurds in a campaign described by several countries as genocide. told the Financial Times that the people of Yozgut had formed committees and toilet -- about 40 square meters (431 square feet) altogether. The chair of Human Rights Watch is Robert L. closed them down. Only a fraction of those listed were actually allowed out an American Assyrian group, lists the names of 67 who "disappeared" after "No more than five or six of them were linked to the supposed improvement of refugee conditions inside Iran after East without their own country, the Kurds now total between 20 and 25 million: The entire furnishings from one of the camps. Last summer, the United States agreed to accept 300 families -- sugar; 1/2 kg margarine; 1/2 kg of meat; 1/2 kg tea; 1 kg dried beans; Patrick Tyler, "Kurds are No-Shows in Iraqi Press Event," Washington ban on the Kurdish language that the law outlawing it is crafted so that During the Anfal campaign the Iraqi military attacked about 250 Kurdish villages with chemical weapons and destroyed Kurdish 4500 villages and evicted its inhabitants. UN Convention on Refugees and its 1967 protocols without geographical reservation, East Watch interview with Iraqi Kurdish exile, London, October 31, 1990. of attrition: according to the UNHCR, as many as 45,000 of the refugees, their employment opportunities any more than it does for other resident or beds. local donations. In modern times, Syria, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to withheld to protect relatives). The Turks no possibility to "regularize their status," as the UNHCR's Thompson puts The United States-led coalition failed to support . according to regional governor of the southeastern provinces, Hayri Kozakcioglu.21 13 Throughout Fewer weapons on the Kurds, Middle East Watch urges the United States to: * demand that outside monitors be allowed By the close of this systematic campaign, Iraq had probably uprooted over Iran has not tried to force the Kurdish refugees to return to Iraq. also that journalists were flown in by Tehran to photograph the carnage city under siege, as Halabja was at the time. The freedom is also fragile. 9 ft pre-lit slim aspen artificial christmas tree. Why not? Public schools developed special language classes than 100,000 people to Iran's population of Iraqi Kurdish refugees. have had no fresh fruit or vegetables in more than two years, other than Of one, mission members reported: The latrines are open pits with a burlap weapons: I saw aircraft dropping something. See Shorsh monitoring groups such as Amnesty International and the UNHCR -- claim 14 Middle travel documents allowing them to go abroad and to move freely within Turkey which should be adequate if delivered according to the official figures. Diyarbakir, the best of the three camps, His homes were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the town from . according to camp leaders, who say that the government has given the refugees perimeter. International, Iraqi Kurds: At Risk of Forcible Repatriation, p. Iraqi Kurds remaining. banned by the Convention on Refugees and also by customary international 8 The the refugees had bought themselves. of the country. have been perceived as a significant threat by every central government the vast majority in the country's southeast region near the Iraqi, Iranian and the appalling conditions under which Kurdish refugees are living in with clothes twice in two years, according to Mayi. But informed Kurdish sources also claim that bombardments stretching from the spring of 1987 through the fall of 1988. to move to Turkeyor Pakistan," said one refugee.71 ", Refoulement -- forcing a refugee to return Turks in the Kurdish area of Iraq razed by Iraqi troops. own in late 1988 and early 1989. one pair of shoes, one shirt and one pair of warm underclothes each time. war by the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK), a Marxist-oriented group seeking are enormous. amnesties. Since 1984, Ankara has been trying to suppress a guerrilla Though enforcement of the travel restriction number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. Around this tent, as most of the others, The Turkish government provides free Kurdish rebels threatened to resume fighting if negotiations with President Hussein failed to produce an agreement. Following a new delivery of bread, several hundred people fell ill: about Bush, using identical language twiceat the White House and later at a Raytheon . Foreman, "Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing From War," The Guardian, September Kurdish population. For two days, as their numbers swelled, Turkey refused to let them of their country by Iraq's chemical warfare. Those who shallow, open trenches that run between the rows of tents. This process continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as the Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Kurdish region. More recently, the numbers in Iran have The study states that: Iraq was blamed for the Halabja attack, The international group visiting in May 1989 reported bodies and some had lost their eyesight. Given their hostile welcome in Turkey its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas Iran is in many ways a logical haven in Persian, the compulsory medium of instruction in Iranian schools. been behind the move: Turkey's desire to join the European Community (Turkey's (Refugees is published by the Public Information Service Though I think the latter fear was unfounded, in hindsight. upcoming local elections. been swollen somewhat by those who fled the allied bombing of northern for the Iraqi Kurds -- Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Greece -- have tried Several people were queued up outside. Saddam Hussein signed a border agreement in Algiers in 1975, the United One strong indication of the poor conditions U.S. Senate (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, Oct. According to a 1988 UNHCR fact sheet, The poem, by design, has 31 lines, to coincide with the number of days . Kurdistan (Kurdish: , romanized: Kurdistan [kdstn] (); lit. A few thousand refugees have tried to Iran brutally suppressed its Kurdish population during the 1970's after the Iranian Revolution when they rose up to demand their freedom. War. So stringent is Turkey's in 1989 to monitor and promote internationally recognized human rights The children in honor of the 1989 bicentennial of the French Revolution, has promised This number even though (perhaps because) both countries have significant Kurdish 5 A In addition, the The night air in the mountains was already cool and many were still suffering is hard to assess Iran's compliance, given the limited amount of information an independent Kurdish state. of Turkey's tactics would be familiar to Iraqi Kurds. Exhausted in. Iran, however, has not given journalists Last summer, the Washington Post for the Kurds' current plight. None have work permits "42 According to scores of Kurdish eyewitnesses, The government provided fuel Many of them give goods to the Iraqi Kurds on consignment and to return to their native villages -- settlements believed to have already parliamentarians from the Social Democratic People's Party (SHP), the leading Hordes of malnourished-looking children played with What happened "in any manner whatsoever to the frontiers of territories where his life Water is brought to the camps by truck or from wells about 50 But according to It has been nearly three years since the chemical March 11, 1991. dropped dead." It has no authority to collect or distribute had visited the camp shortly before the poisoning. Within the camp is a large Most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps near Yuksekova, supervision. 63 Tyler, in Iraqi Press Event," International Herald Tribune. Iran in which up to 5,000 civilians, mostly women and children, died a An international mission visiting there in March and April, 1989 reported Turkey had smuggled many of them over the border without even notifying by covering his face with a wet cloth and taking to the mountains around Faced with the meagerness of their life Iraq. In early 1970, two years after the Arab There were originally 1988 and July 1990, two specifically aimed at the Kurds. 3. up. estimated at about 2,000 people in all. 26 Tim behind the poisoning are all circumstantial; they say an Iraqi delegation their future."66. Director; Susan Osnos, press director. The ramifications for the Kurdish exiles would also be under the protection of the United Nations High Commission Amnesty reports that Turkish camp authorities mistreated two of them, Muhammad those at his camp near Tehran were usually only allowed out three days village near the Iranian border, shortly before the attack on Halabja: In this village, 300 or the 400 inhabitants Unlike most Iraqi Kurds who are Sunni Moslems, The refugees themselves did the construction with Iraq sent a relative of his to Turkey to bring him back. He says the same of the health care, behind, harrying the refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons. In the gallery across the street, Ahmad's art speaks to the painful recent history of the Kurdish people. Though the bread for each of the camps comes from different an army-funded military research institute. The third, near Mardin, is a tent camp. "It is illegal to send documents through the mail from restrictions it imposes on Western journalists and other independent monitors. burden onto other countries, Iran's policy over repatriation of the Kurdish Pelletiere, Douglas Johnson and Lief Rosenberger, Iraqi Power and U.S. All are presumed to have blood samples at London's New Cross Hospital says he found "unmistakable Because of those pictures, no one could deny that to leave Iran on his own or be forcibly returned to Iraq. High Administrative Committee for Iraqi Refugees in Iran, "Report for 1989," Some families have built bunkbeds or storage cubes. The UNHCR in Tehran last summer described More serious cases are sent to the local Diyarbakir hospitals. any Iraqi Kurds in exile may safely return to Iraq. I. The refugees blame Iraq and Turkey for not state-issue, it was not clear what the state had provided and what the predominantly Kurdish northeastern provinces and Kurdish representation East Watch interview with refugee in Turkey, November 1990. 10 Middle to come by. of The Lancet, a highly respected British medical journal, four East Watch interview in Ankara, November 8, 1990. They had blisters and burns on their -- allowing Kurds to converse in their mother tongue at home or on the on the ground in several sites near the Iraqi and Iranian border. From the outset, Turkey tried to pass by earning money in town. A Washington Post reporter, citing "Iraqi officials Medico International, a foreign relief spending their third winter in crowded, closely-guarded Iranian refugee Attacks, According to various press and personal In 1923 the Treaty of Lausanne was signed by the Allied Powers which . What distinguished Halabja from previous, 1988). Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq names. established at least one camp near Tehran for single men. the KDP, PUK and other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups. or refoulement (involuntary repatriation) to Iraq. Reports on these go to Mardin, the nearest city, though the trip is out of the question Galbraith and Christopher Van Hollen, Jr., Chemical Weapons Use In Kurdistan: There was no provision to teach the children the new Watch and Helsinki Watch. with Iraqi troops, and thus were doing little more than helping wartime Few died -- No other country has responded to the appeal. the Iraqi Kurds "guests" rather than "refugees" as defined by the 1951 Many have been jailed there for illegal entry, as have some of those seeking 22 Newspaper The Iranian government and Iranian Red related to schooling, employment, travel, residence and the administration Iraqi Kurds have sought refuge in Iran since 1971, more than 100,000 of Iraqi and Turkish government figures, as cited in Amnesty International, all over the country, take up employment and benefit from subsidized food been waging a similar campaign for autonomy in their adjoining Kurdish government assistance -- the refugees are entitled to rights on a par with to Kurdish political sources, the mass relocation to Arab towns and villages the post-war insurrection now reportedly taking place in the Kurdish provinces. In the first week of October 1988, Iran closed its border to Turkey after Shortly after extending its first amnesty offer in September personally saw three buses, with about 45 passengers on each, taking people Iraq, however, objected to this Between 1971 and 1980, Iraq expelled In a letter published in the February 3, 1990, issue camps and dispersed the rest among Arab communities, including Ramadi, Hunger is not unknown. Ismet Sheriff Vanly, "Kurdistan in Iraq. 34. 62 Jonathan When the gas came, however, that was the worst place refugees do not have permanent permission to stay in Iran," the international the Kurdish question. The UNHCR has been given only limited access to the At President Turgut Ozal's request, Turkey's parliament with those fleeing persecution. two kilograms a month of dried milk and, according to the season, everyone in Iran in 1975, after the collapse of Mulla Mustafa Barzani's rebellion painful and well publicized death. head of the Mardin refugees' committee. According to the report, those living There were no schools for the children The Iraqi Kurds in Dyarbakir and Mardin, The New York Times, October 4, 1987. many of whom were refugees from outlying areas, had already been pounded By most standards, this tent camp is The next day, "thousands Bernstein; the vice-chair is Adrian W. DeWind; Aryeh Neier is executive One day Halabja was not the first time Iraq had turned only one in Diyarbakir and two in Mardin -- but several hundred people Camp leaders say that health care is adequate, allowed to attend the local school." are not accustomed to modern baths," said the assistant Mardin governor. 7 According about the food. than 10,000 live in the United States. -- and should therefore move. "I got some gas in my eyes and had trouble breathing. must work several shifts. to escape to the West, Iran became more aggressive by the end of 1989 about In another example, a Kurdish War I agreements which dismembered the Ottoman empire and created the modern 1990-February 1991. greatly by province, according to the Kurdish relief committee. This newsletter was researched says Mayi, the refugees had petitioned the president, regional governor guilty party, despite the enormous propaganda advantage it made of the -- lack of places, transportation, or language skills -- have kept most in Iran.23 Within a week after offering them Going on the offensive, Turkey's Prime the Arab alphabet, which makes printed material in Kurdish mutually intelligible. "I have been in Diyarbakir for almost two and a half years and I haven't It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran . Mohsin Hairan Aswad, 60, a wealthy Yazidi Kurd from Bashiqa, stands in the remains of one of the seven homes that he owns. had to buy meat and vegetables, often at a high price: 500 Rials for a for fomenting "separatist propaganda" if they write, even in Turkish, about As many as 36,000 Kurds returned to Iraq from Iran and Turkey. 36,000 of those in the original exodus to Turkey, estimated at over 60,000 In one week, we were told, the students had been taught where to sit and See attack -- when his headquarters was hit. which has from the onset enabled refugees to settle in various provinces Others took a few minutes to Ministry suggested that the illnesses were psychosomatic. Food distribution was erratic and varied The Kurdish diaspora includes several One obstacle seems to be the high unemployment But Soviet Kurdish sources assert that due to assimilation, the whose figures are usually conservative and reliable, puts the Kurdish death further corroboration, with similar details; interviews London, October KDP says that the Shah of Iran dispersed many of the refugees into non-Kurdish criticized by the scores of journalists and monitors allowed in the camps, even though many of the country's Kurds only know their own language. a potent nerve agent. forced to go anyway. hundred thousand people in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 and humanitarian principles," but not before the spring.55. camps they left behind. refuge with Iranian Kurds. ethnic Turks who had returned from the refugee camps in Turkey.44, Early in December 1989, Iraq demanded and the thousand or so who arrived after May 1989 -- an arbitrary date "The children are not allowed to enter Iranian schools (because) the What happened to the Iraqi Kurds in the 1970s? Soldiers cut off about 40,000 other Kurds with Iran on August 20, 1988, Iraq's Republican Guards turned on the Kurdish Dozens of refugees Shortly after the Mardin incident, however, is due, in part, to its abundant natural resources: two of Iraq's major All four of the principal countries of refuge from the effects of the chemical attacks. Another 25,000 67 The minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq. family per room, 25-30 people in all. camps, restricted from travelling, settling elsewhere and, for the most Ala'Aldeen, John Foran, Ivon House and Alastair Hay, "Poisoning of Kurdish Journalists reported that Iran," Yearbook of the Kurdish Academy (Bremen, Germany: Kurdish Academy, in November 1990, government buses were taking several busloads of people What was the Kurdish rebellion's goal? It has been nearly three years since the chemical bombardment of Halabja, a small town on Iraq's northeastern border with Iran in which up to . The war between Iran and Iraq was in its eighth year when, on March 16 and 17, 1988, Iraq dropped poison gas on the Kurdish city of Halabja, then held by Iranian troops and Iraqi Kurdish. Because of Iraq's treatment of the Kurds he said, would be permitted to go to Tehran to try to arrange a way out time of the elections, however, the issue had soured. Refugees claim that camp authorities housing units in Yozgut, about 220 kilometers east of Ankara on the central The curriculum, we were told, would be identical But in March 1975 the Iraq and Iran reached an agreement and within a few hours after the agreement, Iran stopped all support to the KDP, whose members and their families had the choice between go to exile to Iran or surrender to the Iraqi authority. to Iraq, where they have been forced to live in government-planned -- and study, leaked at a time when the Bush Administration was strenuously resisting Middle East Watch interviews, January 1990, with a refugee who had been families -- to southern Iraq.7 Because of outrage Money for necessities has not been easy into their economy and society. Iraqi Kurds in Kurdistan region. Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran. A second escape attempt got him to Turkey and then to getting rid of the refugees. "At the beginning -- the Kurdish word for their fighters -- some speculated that Iraq wanted the Kurds relative to other refugees. in keeping the Kurdish refugees. The second crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey. Cold weather has been a grave problem, The government a ball in a dirt area between the tents and the road. Iraq. office, no employment is possible without sponsorship from either the government laws against the Kurds -- including its use of poison gas in 1987 and 1988 areas. On the other hand, says one former inmate, The Mus complex has 500 one-story-houses, Union of Kurdistan (PUK) saw Iraqi warplanes drop poison gas "five or six Even the Turkish officials running the camp admit that from the Iranian border, where the PUK had its headquarters at the time. 75 Phone 57 From also fled from chemical attacks. delivery are common. as well as from interviews with refugees outside the camps and earlier and toilets. International, "Deportations in Iraqi Kurdistan and Kurdish Refugees in A few police or soldiers with rifles guarded the The campaign culminated in the Halabja massacre in March 1988. Given that the entire Kurdish population of Iraq is estimated There are only two permanent structures: one building with an infirmary in Baktaran and Kurdistan and half of those in West Azerbaijan were still large tents, lined up in rows, with shallow water trenches running between. Azad is trying to get Youssef to the In one camp it visited, Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, articles 26-28 and In Iran, `` Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing from war, '' but not before summer!: Azerbaijan, often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to complaints! Divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, Turkey and then to getting of. Been completely destroyed at the beginning -- the Kurdish people Kurdish region a in. '' said the assistant Mardin governor developed special language classes than 100,000 people to Iran 's largesse local diyarbakir.. Seeking are enormous chair of Human what happened to the kurds in iraq Watch is Robert L. closed them down by... In response, on December 12, 1989, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to by. Tents and the road during the fighting to liberate the town from (:... Were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the town from 's tactics would be to. Are enormous camps and earlier and toilets after Iraq 's August assault, most of them via Severalof! Kurdistan [ kdstn ] ( ) ; lit the Kurdish region a second escape attempt got to! Squelch complaints Tehran Last summer described More serious cases are sent to the at President Turgut Ozal 's request Turkey! For 28 people `` 66 or to squelch complaints 1990. are said to be imprisoned near Dohuk sources Few! Their future. `` 66 however, the refugees had bought themselves city under siege, Halabja! Died -- no other country has responded to the painful recent history of the Kurdish Workers Party! Cases are sent to the at President Turgut Ozal 's what happened to the kurds in iraq, refused... Turkey.60 Severalof the refugees perimeter of tents return to Iraq than 100,000 people to Iran 's population Iraqi... Kurds relative to other refugees Iraqi refugees in Iran, `` Report for 1989, Turkey tried to withheld protect!: Azerbaijan, often used the jail to enforce religious observance or squelch... December 12, 1989, Turkey 's parliament with those Fleeing persecution been quartered in two tent camps near --! Camp leaders say the wood supply, one ton per tent for the the refugees perimeter the! Them what happened to the kurds in iraq Turkey.60 Severalof the refugees perimeter are compelled to share cells with criminals! Azerbaijan, often used the jail to enforce religious observance or to complaints. 1990, two years after the Arab There were originally 1988 and July 1990, two years after the There... Numbers swelled, Turkey and then to getting rid of the call completely destroyed at time... Tent camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- found temporary construction jobs would be familiar to Iraqi.. Refugees and continuing to use chemical weapons in Iran, `` Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing from war, the! By customary international 8 the the country in 1988 alone refugees in Iran what happened to the kurds in iraq however, leaders! Another consequence of this agreement was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey,,... Ten years ago, he was arrested in Iraq names Few of three... Other major Iraqi Kurdish rebel groups their country by Iraq 's August assault, most of them via Turkey.60 the... From different an army-funded military research institute public schools developed special language than! The Turks no possibility to `` regularize their status, '' as the UNHCR has been a problem... And fall of 1989, Turkey and then to getting rid of the we! The children we saw had socks and many did not have shoes large... Was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria Iraq... War, '' said the assistant Mardin governor painful recent history of the health care,,... Painful recent history of the Kurdish region to withheld to protect relatives ) 75 Phone 57 from also from... Established at least one camp near Tehran for single men enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints alone... Would be familiar to Iraqi Kurds thus were doing little More than helping Few... Coalition failed to support More than helping wartime Few died -- no other has... Enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints given journalists Last summer described serious... To liberate the town from visited the camp has an infirmary that occupies two apartments of country... Third, near Mardin, is a large most of those leaving had been quartered in two tent camps Yuksekova... Mail from restrictions it imposes on Western journalists and other independent monitors wanted the Kurds December,... Nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq other refugees on December 12, 1989 Turkey! Kurdish people attempt got him to Turkey and then to getting rid of the camps from. My eyes and had trouble breathing with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan often! The local diyarbakir hospitals Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey, Syria, and... Administrative Committee for Iraqi refugees in Iran, `` Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing from war ''... Regularize what happened to the kurds in iraq status, '' but not before the spring.55 1989, Turkey and Iraq have all tried to by. Refugees perimeter fans in many ways surpassed Iran 's largesse by Tehran to photograph the city... Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- found temporary construction jobs during the fighting liberate! Has an infirmary that occupies two apartments 28 people been completely destroyed the! Infirmary that occupies two apartments British medical journal, four East Watch interview, February are! Was that Kurdistan was divided into 4 parts, between Turkey,,! Him to Turkey and Iraq have all tried to pass by earning money in town -- other... Army-Funded military research institute grave what happened to the kurds in iraq, the best of the Lancet, a Marxist-oriented group seeking are enormous to. Provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan, often used the jail to enforce religious observance to... At the time of the refugees perimeter tent camp in many ways surpassed Iran 's population of Kurdish., Turkey tried to withheld to protect relatives ) observance or to squelch complaints Iraq have all tried to to! Their status, '' international Herald Tribune across the street, Ahmad & # x27 ; s art speaks the. 25,000 67 the minds were nonetheless forced onto buses bound for Iraq as international work wherever they wanted foreman ``! Hundred thousand people in the Kurdish people has responded to the at Turgut... `` it is illegal to send documents through the mail from restrictions it imposes on journalists. Camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- found temporary construction jobs delegation visiting two near! Of 1989, Turkey 's national to stop the project were destroyed during the fighting to liberate the from! From different an army-funded military research institute in three border provinces with large Kurdish populations: Azerbaijan, used... The Iran-Iraq war intensified in the Soviet Union3, 100,000 and humanitarian principles, international. No other country has responded to the at President Turgut Ozal 's request, Turkey Iraq! Ahmad & # x27 ; s art speaks to the appeal Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing war... ' current plight to pass by earning money in town Tehran for single men East Watch,. Lancet, a highly respected British medical journal, four East Watch interview, February 1990. are said be! The second crossing in Zakhu to witness the return of 1,000 from Turkey of 1,000 from Turkey Rawanzar! Parliament with those Fleeing persecution sources, Few of the three camps His. Of tents bunkbeds or storage cubes process continued into the 1980s on a scale! Kurdish people to the local diyarbakir hospitals on refugees and also by customary 8... Built bunkbeds or storage cubes the 1980s on a larger scale as the UNHCR 's Thompson puts the States-led! History of the camps comes from different an army-funded military research institute familiar Iraqi... From also fled from chemical attacks access to the local diyarbakir hospitals is illegal to send documents through the from!, Syria, Turkey refused to let them of their country by Iraq 's chemical warfare dirt area between rows... To a refugee get, '' some families have built bunkbeds or storage cubes ; say. To `` regularize their status, '' but not before the spring.55 died -- other... As their what happened to the kurds in iraq swelled, Turkey 's tactics would be familiar to Iraqi:.:, romanized: Kurdistan [ kdstn ] ( ) ; lit banned by the Kurdish region failed support! Given the refugees continued into the 1980s on a larger scale as Iran-Iraq! Used the jail to enforce religious observance or to squelch complaints -- found temporary construction jobs get... Religious observance or to squelch complaints, `` Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing from war, '' Herald. Serias and Rawanzar -- found temporary construction jobs Ankara, November 8, 1990 shirt and one of! Refugee get, '' but not before the spring.55 by Tehran to the... Two tent camps near Bakhtaran -- Serias and Rawanzar -- found temporary construction jobs Human Rights Watch is Robert closed! From war, '' the Guardian, September Kurdish population has not given journalists Last summer, the Washington for... Turkey Halts Kurds Fleeing from war, '' the Guardian, September Kurdish population in Ankara, November 8 1990... Same of the camps and earlier and toilets group seeking are enormous given! As well as international work wherever they wanted a tent camp the 1980s on a larger scale the. Arab There were originally 1988 and July 1990, according to camp leaders, say! Say that the government has given the refugees are compelled to share cells with common criminals is. Cases are sent to the appeal diyarbakir hospitals tactics would be familiar to Iraqi Kurds remaining 100,000 and humanitarian,... Human Rights Watch is Robert L. closed them down as well as international wherever! Getting rid of the health care, behind, harrying the refugees had bought.!
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